Қаңлы дәуірі ескерткіштерінің археозоологиялық материалдарын талдау (2022 ж. Бурнооктябрьское және Бақатөбе материалдары  бойынша)

Mambet Shagyrbaev; Yeraly  Akymbek

doi:10.32523/2664-5157-2023-3-41-71

Authors

Mambet Shagyrbaev A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archаeology
Yeraly Akymbek A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2023-3-41-71

Keywords:

Teris-Asa valley, sites, Burnooktyabr, Bakatobe, Kanguy period, Turkic epoch, osteology, archaeozoology, animal husbandry.

Abstract

The article considers the archaeozoological materials found in the sites of Burnooktyabrskoye and Bakatobe (I-IV centuries AD), located in the Talas Valley, studied in 2022. The purpose of the research work is to conduct a laboratory analysis of the archaeozoological materials of ancient settlements and hillforts in the southern regions of Kazakhstan and to study them in comparison with the materials of sites of a similar chronological period in neighboring regions. Animal bones were studied in accordance with archaeozoological methods and the composition of the archaeofauna, types of domestic animals, age characteristics, the composition of elements and parts of the skeleton were determined. Laboratory analysis analyzed 740 animal bones found in the ancient sites of the Talas Valley, of which 95.5% (707 bones) were identified to the species. The main place in the economy of the population of the settlement is occupied by small cattle, in second place - cattle, and horse bones are in third place. Among the osteological materials, a small number of camels, donkey and dog bones were found. From the fauna of wild animals the following were identified: large ungulates (kulan and deer), small ungulates (roe deer, jeyran, argali, saiga), predators (fox), lagomorphs (Lepus sp.), rodent bones (gopher). The results of the study were compared with the archaeozoological data of the sites located in the valleys of Shu, Talas, Syr Darya, Amu Darya and Tashkent oasis. Based on the materials of the settlement in the Teris-Asa valley, the dynamics of the development of cattle breeding, types of pets and hunting directions in the Kanguy and Early Turkic eras were analyzed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Information about author

Mambet Shagyrbaev, A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archаeology

MA, Researcher

Yeraly Akymbek, A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology

PhD, Leading Researcher

Reference

Akaevsky A.I., Yudichev Yu.F., Seleznev S.B., 2005. Anatomiya domashnih zhivotnyh [Anatomy of pets]. Moscow: Aquarium-Print. 640 p. [in Russian].

Ageeva E.I., Patsevich G.I., 1958. Iz istorii osedlyh poselenij i gorodov Yuzhnogo Kazahstana [From the history of settled settlements and cities of Southern Kazakhstan]. In: Trudy Iinstituta istorij, arheologii i etnografii AN KazSSR [Proceedings of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR]. Vol. 5. Alma-Ata: Nauka. 296 p. [in Russian].

Azhigali S.E., Turganbayeva L.R., 2021. Kul’tovo-zhilishchnyj kompleks Kajnar vtoroj poloviny XVIII – nachala XX v. na Severnom Ustyurte kak istoriko-kul’turnyj i arhitekturnyj pamyatnik [Kainar cult and housing complex of the second half of the XVIII - early XX century in Northern Ustyurt as a historical, cultural and architectural monument]. Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia. Vol. 49. No. 4. P. 109-119. [in Russian].

Akishev K.A., 1972. K probleme proiskhozhdeniya nomadizma v aridnoj zone drevnego Kazahstana [On the problem of the origin of nomadism in the arid zone of ancient Kazakhstan]. In: Poiski i raskopki v Kazahstane [Searches and excavations in Kazakhstan]. Akishev K.A. (ed). Alma-Ata: Nauka. P. 31-47. [in Russian].

Akishev A.K., 1984. Obraz verblyuda v legendah Central’noj Azii [The image of a camel in the legends of Central Asia]. In: Etnografiya narodov Sibiri [Ethnography of the peoples of Siberia]. Novosibirsk: Nauka. P. 69-76. [in Russian].

Akymbek E.Sh., Shagirbayev M.S., 2021. Ortağasyrlyq Aqyrtas törtkülınıŋ osteologiıalyq materialdary [Osteological materials of the medieval Akyrtas turtkul]. In: Kazakhstan archeology. No. 1 (11). P. 72-100. [in Kazakh].

Akymbek E.Sh., Shagirbayev M.S., 2021d. Ortağasyrlyq Aqtöbe qalasyndağy mūnara maŋynan anyqtalğan januar süiekterıne arheozoologiıalyq taldau (2014 jylğy qazba jūmystarynyŋ materialdary negızınde) [Archaeozoological analysis of animal bones found near the tower in the medieval city of Aktobe (based on the materials of excavations in 2014)]. In: Materials of the international scientific conference «Ancient and medieval archeology of Central Asia: continuity and transformation of cultures» dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Omarov Gani Kalikhanovich. (Almaty, June 5, 2021). Zhumataev R.S. (ed). Almaty: Kazakh University. P. 124-139. [in Kazakh].

Akymbek E.Sh., Shagirbayev M.S., 2021с. Ortağasyrlyq Aspara qalasynyŋ osteologiıalyq materialdary (2014 j. qazba materialdary boiynşa) [Osteological materials of the medieval city of Aspara (according to fossil materials 2014)]. In: «edu.e-history.kz» electronic scientific journal. No 2, 2021. https://edu.e-history.kz/index.php/history/issue/view/35 [in Kazakh].

Akymbek E.Sh., Shagyrbaev M.S., 2022. Ortağasyrlyq Talapty törtkülınıŋ arheozoologiıalyq materialdaryn taldau (2021 j. qazba jūmystary boiynşa) [Analysis of archaeozoological materials of the medieval Talgar turtkul (according to excavations in 2021)]. Kazakhstan archeology. No. 2 (16). P. 136-154. [in Kazakh].

Akymbek E.Sh., Shagyrbayev M.S., Nurgali N.B., 2022. Ortağasyrlyq Arna törtkülı (2021 j.jürgızılgen zertteuler boiynşa) [Medieval Arna turtkul (according to research conducted in 2021)]. In: Materials of the international scientific and methodological conference «14th Orazbayev readings» «Historical and cultural heritage of ancient and traditional societies of Central Asia: new discoveries and interdisciplinary research». Zhumataev R.S. (ed). Almaty: Kazakh University. P. 22-44. [in Kazakh].

Alipchiev S., Baibosynov K., 1982. Svod pamyatnikov istorii i kul’tury Dzhambulskoj oblasti [History and culture of Dzhambulsky region]. Dzhambul: Dzhambulsky regional historical and cultural museum. 208 p. [in Russian].

Baypakov K.M., 2012. Drevnyaya i srednevekovaya urbanizaciya Kazahstana (po materialam issledovanij Yuzhno-Kazahstanskoj kompleksnoj arheologicheskoj ekspedicii) [Customs and Middle-earth urbanization of Kazakhstan (on materials of the South-Kazakhstan comprehensive archaeological expedition)]. Book I. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology. 390 p., ill. [in Russian].

Bannikov A.G., 1975. Dikij verblyud – havtagaj [Dikiy verblud – khavtagai]. In: Priroda. Moscow: Nauka. P. 62-70. [in Russian].

Barthold V.V., 1897. Otchet o poezdke Srediyu Aziyu s nauchnoj cel’yu 1893-1894 gg. [Report on the Middle Asia with scientific research 1893-1894]. St. Petersburg: Imperial Academy of typography Nauk. 198 p. [in Russian].

Beisenov A.Z., 2019. K.A. Akishev i voprosy izucheniya pamyatnikov kazahskogo vremeni [K.A. Akishev and the issues of the study of monuments of the Kazakh time]. In: Margulanovskie chteniya – 2019: materials of the international forum. archeol. nauch.- practice. conf., post. 95th anniversary of the birth of the Kazakh archaeologist K. A. Akisheva ( April 19-20, 2019). Baitanaev B.A. (ed). Nur-Sultan: NII arheologii im. K.A. Akisheva, ENU im. L.N. Gumileva. P. 10-38. [in Russian].

Beisenov A.Z., Maryashev A. N., 2014. Petroglify rannego zheleznogo veka Zhetysu [Petroglyphs of the early Iron Age in Zhetysu]. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology. 156 p. [in Russian].

Weinberg B.I., 1977. Monety drevnego Horezma [Coin of the drevnego Khorezma]. Moscow: Nauka. 223 p. [in Russian].

Witt V.O., 1952. Loshadi Pazyryksikh Kurganov [Loshadi Pazyryksikkh kurganov]. In: Soviet archeology. Issue 16. Moscow-Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. P. 163-206. [in Russian].

Gromova V.I., 1940. Materialy k izucheniyu drevnejshih domashnih zhivotnyh Srednej Azii (po raskopkam kaunchitepa v 1935 g.) [Materials for the study of the ancient domestic life of Middle Asia (in 1935)]. In: Kaunchi-Tepa. Tashkent: Uzbek branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. P. 41-62. [in Russian].

Gule T. I., 2020. Obraz verblyuda v doislamskom iskusstve Srednej Azii [The image of the verb in the east of Middle Asia]. In: Narodya and the religion of Eurasia. Barnaul: Altai State University. P. 117-130. [in Russian].

Eleuov M., Shagirbayev M., Moldakhmet A., 2022. Ortağasyrlyq Qyşqaladan tabylğan januar süiekterıne arheozoologiıalyq taldau (2021 jyly tabylğan osteomaterialdar negızınde) [Archaeozoological analysis of animal bones found in a medieval city (based on osteomaterials found in 2021)]. In: Bulletin of the Kazakh National University. The series is historical. No1 (104). 2022. P. 34-48. [in Kazakh].

Jambyl oblysy tarih jäne mädeniet eskertkışterınıŋ Jinağy. Jualy audany 2023. [Collection of historical and cultural monuments of Zhambyl region. Zhualy district]. Almaty: Directorate for the protection and restoration of historical and cultural monuments. 290 p. [in Kazakh].

Zhanabekov K., Makashev E., 1996. Januarlar anatomiıasy [Animal anatomy]. Almaty: Education. 336 p. [in Kazakh].

Zholdasbayev S., 2017.permanent addresses of the Kazakh people in the XV–XVIII centuries, materials and research on archeology of Kazakhstan. T. H. Astana: publishing group of the Kazakh Research Institute of culture. 304 p. [in Kazakh].

Karacharovsky V., 1949. Rezul’taty opredeleniya kostnyh ostatkov zhivotnyh [Results of determination of animal bone remains]. In: Proceedings of the Semirechensk archaeological expedition (1936-1938). Talas Valley. Bernstam A.N. (ed). Alma-Ata: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. P. 198-202. [in Russian].

Kosintsev P.A., Gimranov D.O., Loman V.G., 2020. Kostnye ostatki zhivotnyh iz poseleniya final’nogo bronzovogo veka Dongal (Central’nyj Kazahstan). Novye issledovaniya [Bone remains of animals from the settlement of the final Bronze Age Dongal (Central Kazakhstan). New research. In: History and culture of the Great Steppe. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Abuseitovoy M.H. (ed). Almaty: East and West. P. 200-205. [in Russian].

Kuner N.V., 1961. Kitajskie izvestiya o narodah Yuzhnoj Sibiri, Central’noj Azii i Dal’nego Vostoka [Chinese news about the peoples of Southern Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East]. Moscow: Publishing House of Oriental Literature. 391 p. [in Russian].

Kazakhstan tarikhy (kone zamannan byginge dein) [History of Kazakhstan (from ancient times to the present)]. Five volumes. 2010. Volume 1. Almaty: Atamura. 544 p. [in Kazakh].

Maksimova A.G., Mershchiev M.S., Weinberg B.I., Levina L.M., 1968. Akishev K.A. (ed). Drevnosti Chardary (Arheologicheskie issledovaniya v zone Chardarinskogo vodohranilishcha) [The history of Chardar (Archaeological Research in chardar water area)]. Alma-Ata: Nauka. 264 p. [in Russian].

Margulan A.Kh., Akishev K.A., Kadyrbayev M.K., Orazbayev A.M., 1966. Drevnyaya kul’tura Central’nogo Kazahstana [Ancient culture of Central Kazakhstan]. Alma-Ata: Nauka. 436 p. [in Russian].

Nurzhanov A.A., Shagirbayev M.S., 2021. Arheozoologicheskie issledovaniya kostnyh ostatkov iz srednevekovogo gorodishcha Kastek (po materialam raskopok 2020 g.) [Archeozoological studies of bone remains from the medieval settlement of Kastek (based on the materials of excavations in 2020)]. In: Materials of the international scientific and methodological conference «13th Orazbaevskie readings» on the topic «Historical and cultural heritage of ancient and traditional societies of Central Asia: new discoveries and interdisciplinary research» (May 20-21, 2021). Zhumataev R.S. (ed.). Almaty: Kazakh University. P. 185-192. [in Russian].

Rogozhinsky A.E., 2011. Petroglify arheologicheskogo landshafta tamgaly [Petroglyphs of the archaeological landscape of Tamgaly]. Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology. 342 p. [in Russian].

Savelyeva T.V., Shagirbayev M.S., 2020. Osteologicheskie materialy iz karavan-saraya Shengel’dy [Osteological materials from the Shengeldy caravanserai]. In: Bulletin of the Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai. A series of Historical and socio-political sciences. No. 1 (64). P. 390-400. [in Russian].

Samashev Z., Murgabaev S., Eleuov M., 2014. Sauiskandyk petroglypteri [Petroglyphs of Sauyskandyk]. Astana: Publishing group of the branch of the Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Astana. 374 p. [in Kazakh].

Tolstov S.P., 1948. Drevnij Horezm [Ancient Khorezm]. Moscow: Publication of the Moscow State University. 439 p. [in Russian].

Torgoev A.I., Kulish A.V., Torezhanova N.Zh., 2020. Zamok Baka-tobe i krestoobraznye postrojki Kangyuya [Baka-tobe Castle and the cruciform buildings of Kangyu]. In: Archaeology and history of Kangju state. Yatsenko S.A. (ed.). Shymkent: Alem Printing House. P. 69-87. [in Russian].

Torgoev A.I., Kulish A.V., 2020. Gorodishche Kul’tobe v g. Turkestane: genezis poselencheskoj struktury [The settlement of Kultobe in Turkestan: the genesis of the settlement structure]. In: Archaeology and history of Kangju state. Yatsenko S.A. (ed.). Shymkent: Alem Printing House. P. 87-103. [in Russian].

Torezhanova N.Zh., Torgoev A.I., Kulish A.V., 2018. Issledovanie Baka tobe v okruge Taraza v 2015–2017 gg. [The study of the Tobe tank in Taraz district in 2015-2017]. In: «Kazakhstan men irgeles elderdin tarikhi-madeni murasyn zertteudegi zamanaui adister men turgylar» atta «9th Orazbayev okulary» halykar. gyl.-adist. conf. m-ry. Omarov G.K.(ed.). Almaty: Kazakh University. P. 216-221. [in Russian].

Utubaev Zh.R., Shagirbaev M.S., 2022. Babish mola 7 archeologiyalyk kesheninen tabylgan zhanuar suyekterin zertteudin keybir natizheleri (2021 j. kazba materialdary boyynsha) [some results of the study of animal bones found in the Babish Mola 7 archaeological complex (according to fossil materials for 2021)]. In: Margulan okulary–2022: halykaralyk gylym-tajiribelik conference materialdary (Almaty k., 12-13 sauir 2022 w.). Almaty: Margulan Institute of Archaeology. P. 170-180. [in Kazakh].

Tsalkin V.I., 1966. Drevnee zhivotnovodstvo plemen Vostochnoj Evropy i Srednej Azii [Ancient animal husbandry of the tribes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia]. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 160 p. [in Russian].

Tsalkin V.I., 1952. Fauna antichnogo i rannesrednevekovogo Horezma (po materialam raskopok S.P. Tolstova) [Fauna of ancient and early medieval Khorezm (based on the materials of S.P. Tolstov’s excavations)]. In: Proceedings of the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition. Tolstova S.P. (ed.). Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. P. 213-247. [in Russian].

Shagirbayev M., Sorokin D., Kazizov E.S., Moryksin D.V., Bychkov V.S., 2021. Issledovaniya osteologicheskih materialov s gorodishcha SHymkent (2019-2020 gg.) [Studies of osteological materials from the Shymkent settlement (2019-2020)]. In: Cultural Heritage. Scientific journal. No. 2 (93). Nur-Sultan: National Museum. P. 23-47. [in Russian].

Shagirbayev M.S., Buranbayev R.N., 2022. Vidovoj sostav kostnyh ostatkov zhivotnyh iz srednevekovyh gorodishch Aspara i Sharuashylyk (po rezul’tatam raskopok 2021 goda) [Species composition of bone remains of animals from the medieval settlements of Aspara and Sharuashylyk (according to the results of excavations in 2021)]. In: Bulletin of the Kazakh National University. The series is historical. No. 4 (107). P. 158-168. [in Russian].

Shagyrbayev M., Ganieva A., Sakenov S., 2022. Nura-Yesil aralygyndagy kazaktardyn XIX–XX g. basyndagy sharuashylygy (Bozok II kystauynn osteologiyalyk materialdary boyynsha) [Economy of Kazakhs from Nura-Ishim to the XIX–early XX centuries (based on osteological materials of the II winter of Bozok)]. In: Kazakhstan archeology. No. 1 (15). P. 146-163. [in Kazakh].

Yatsenko S.A., 2020. Ocherk social’no-politicheskoj istorii «kochevoj imperii» Kangyuj / Kanga. Vassal’nye vladeniya [An essay on the socio-political history of the «nomadic empire» Kangyu / Kanga. Vassal possessions]. In: Archaeology and history of Kangju state.Yatsenko S.A. (ed.). Shymkent: Alem Printing House. P. 23-50. [in Russian].

Yatsenko S.A., Kulish A.V., Smagulov E.A., Tarezhanova N.Zh., 2020. Tamgi Kangyuya [Tamgi Kangyu]. In: Archaeology and history of Kangju state. Yatsenko S.A. (ed.). Shymkent: Alem Printing House. P. 161-171. [in Russian].

Durst J.W., 1908. Ostanki jivotnyh iz raskopok v Anau i loşad iz Anau i ee otnoşenie k rasam domaşnih loşadei [Animal remains from excavations in Anau and the Anau horse and its relation to the races of domestic horses]. In: Research in Turkestan, Expedition of 1904. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications. 73 (2). P. 341-442.

Yeleuov M., Moldakhmet A.A., 2023. Kumbyz (furnace) found in the medieval city of Kyshkala. Turkic Studies Journal. 2 (Vol.5). P. 34-48. DOI: http://doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2023-2-34-48Silver I.A., 1969. Starenie domashnih zhivotnyh [The Ageing of Domestic Animals]. In: Science in archeology. Basic books, Inc., publisher. New York. P. 250-268.