Қаңлы дәуірі ескерткіштерінің археозоологиялық материалдарын талдау (2022 ж. Бурнооктябрьское және Бақатөбе материалдары  бойынша)

Мамбет Шагирбаев; Ералы Ақымбек

doi:10.32523/2664-5157-2023-3-41-71

Авторы

Мамбет Шагирбаев Институт археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана
Ералы Ақымбек Институт археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2023-3-41-71

Ключевые слова:

долина Терис-Аса, памятники, Бурнооктябрьское, Бакатобе, эпоха кангюй, тюркская эпоха, остеология, археозоология, животноводство.

Аннотация

В статье рассматриваются археозоологические материалы памятников Бурнооктябрьское и Бакатобе (I-IV вв. н.э.), расположенных в Таласской долине, исследованных в 2022 г. Целью исследовательской работы является проведение лабораторного анализа археозоологических материалов древних поселений и городищ в южных регионах Казахстана и сравнение с материалами памятников аналогичного хронологического периода в соседних регионах. Кости животных были изучены в соответствии с археозоологическими методами и определены состав археофауны, виды домашних животных, возрастные особенности, состав элементов и отделов скелета. В ходе лабораторного анализа было проанализировано 740 костей животных, найденных в древних памятниках долины Талас, из которых 95,5% (707 костей) были определены до вида. Основное место в хозяйстве населения поселения занимает мелкий рогатый скот, на втором месте – крупный рогатый скот, на третьем – по численности кости лошади.
Среди остеологических материалов было обнаружено небольшое количество костей верблюда, осла и собаки. Из фауны диких животных выявлены: крупные копытные (кулан и олень), мелкие копытные (косуля, джейран, архар, сайгак), хищники (лисица), зайцеобразные (Lepus sp.), кости грызунов (суслик). Результаты исследования были сопоставлены с археозоологическими данными памятников, расположенных в долинах Шу, Талас, Сырдарья, Амударья и Ташкентском оазисе. На основе материалов поселения в долине Терис-Аса проанализирована динамика развития скотоводства, виды домашних животных и направления охоты в кангюйскую и раннетюркскую эпохи.

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Сведения об авторах

Мамбет Шагирбаев, Институт археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана

магистр, научный сотрудник

Ералы Ақымбек, Институт археологии им. А.Х. Маргулана

PhD, ведущий научный сотрудник

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