Identification of narrative sources with archaeological data  (medieval settlement Bytygay)

Sergazy Sakenov; Alexey  Kukushkin; Saule  Burbaeva; Erbolat Rakhmankulov

doi:10.32523/2664-5157-2022-3-103-117

Authors

Sergazy Sakenov A branch of the A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Nur-Sultan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-4280
Alexey Kukushkin Karaganda Buketov University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6262-464X
Saule Burbaeva Bozok State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2131-9574
Erbolat Rakhmankulov Bozok State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-059X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-3-103-117

Keywords:

Middle Ages, urban culture, ancient settlement, NuraIshim interfluve, Jochi Ulus, Ulug Ulus, Bytygay, Historical map, archival documents, narrative sources

Abstract

The article discusses and analyzes historical information and archaeological
data on historical and cultural monuments dating back to the Middle Ages
and located in the Tengiz-Korgalzhin microdistrict. All archival sources are
dominated by information about Bytygay.
The functional purpose of the Bytygay2
monument has always caused
discussion. Some scientists considered Bytygay a full-fledged medieval
settlement, while others considered it a necropolis. Archaeological excavations
carried out on the monument showed that in the vicinity of Bytygay, there are
numerous caravanserais, the remains of mausoleums built from simple burnt
and decorated bricks. During the 2021-2022 field seasons, entire production
centers were identified, specialized heat engineering facilities designed for
drying, firing bricks and melting glaze. The Bytygay monument seems to
be a complex historical and cultural object, which includes a settlement, a
necropolis and production centers. The lower date of Bytygay refers to the XIIXIII centuries. And new materials from the burial complexes raise the upper
date of the monument to the XIV-XV centuries.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Information about author

Sergazy Sakenov, A branch of the A.Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology in Nur-Sultan

PhD, Leading Researcher

Alexey Kukushkin, Karaganda Buketov University

PhD

Saule Burbaeva, Bozok State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve

Candidate of pedagogical sciences, Director

Erbolat Rakhmankulov, Bozok State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve

MA, Researcher

Reference

Ageyeva Ye.I., Patsevich G.I., 1958. Iz istorii osedlykh poseleniy i gorodov Yuzhnogo Kazakhstana [From the history of settled settlements and cities of Southern Kazakhstan]. Trudy IIAE AN KazSSR. Alma-Ata: Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoy SSR. T. 5. P. 97-101. [in Russian].

Akishev K.A., 2008. Predvaritel’nyye itogi raskopok srednevekovogo gorodishcha Bozok (1999–2001 gg.) [Preliminary results of the excavations of the medieval settlement of Bozok (1999–2001)]. Bozok v panorame srednevekovykh kul’tur Yevrazii. Astana: Yevraziyskiy natsional’nyy universitet im. L.N. Gumileva. P. 20-24. [in Russian].

Akishev K.A., Khabdulina M.K., 2004. Medieval settlement Buzok: semantics of planigraphy and functions [Medieval settlement Buzok: semantics of planigraphy and functions]. Ethnic interaction in the South Urals. Chelyabinsk: Rifey. P. 13-16. [in Russian].

Akishev K.A., Baypakov K.M., Yerzakovich L.B., 1972. Drevniy Otrar (topografiya, stratigrafiya, perspektivy). [Ancient Otrar (topography, stratigraphy, perspectives)]. Akademiya nauk Kazakhskoy SSR. Alma-Ata: Nauka. 215 p. [in Russian].

Andrusenko N.N., 2002. Dopolneniye k spisku ptits Kurgal’dzhinskogo zapovednika [Addition to the list of birds of the Kurgaldzhinsky Reserve]. Zoologicheskiy yezhegodnik Kazakhstana i Tsentral’noy Azii. Selevinia. Almaty: Institut zoologii. P. 122-125. [in Russian].

Arkhivnyye otchety TSKAE-1974. Katalog. Bytygay, Sylu-Tam (istoriko-arkheologicheskiye materialy) [Catalog. Bytygay, Sylu-Tam (historical and archaeological materials)]. Alma-Ata. 75 p. [in Russian].

Azhigali S.Ye., 2002. Architecture of nomads. The phenomenon of the history and culture of Eurasia (monuments of the Aral-Caspian region). Almaty: NITS «Ġylym». 652 p. [in Kazakh].

Baypakov K.M., Smağulov E.A., Axatov Ğ.A., 2005. People of the Middle Urals. Mediterranean town Ural. Almaty: Credo. 221 p. [in Russian].

Baypakov K.M., 1998. Medieval cities of Kazakhstan on the Great Silk Road. Almaty: Gylym. 212 p. [in Russian].

Beysenov A.Z., 2000. O znachenii termina «Arka» v arealakh rasseleniya tyurkoyazychnykh narodov Sredneaziatsko-Kazakhstanskogo regiona [On the meaning of the term «Arka» in the areas of settlement of the Turkic-speaking peoples of the Central Asian-Kazakhstan region]. Osh i Fergana: arkheologiya, novoye vremya, kul’turogenez, etnogenez. Bishkek: Miras. P. 113-116. [in Russian].

Bronevskiy S.B., 1830. Zapiski general-mayora Bronevskogo o kirgiz-kaysakakh Sredney ordy. O pamyatnikakh drevnosti [Notes by Major General Bronevsky about the Kirghiz-Kaisaks of the Middle Horde. On the monuments of antiquity]. Otechestvennyye zapiski. 1830, ch. 43. Tsentral’nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Respubliki Kazakhstan. F. 338. Op. 1. D. 714. Almaty. P. 244-252. [in Russian].

Valikhanov Ch.Ch., 1964a. O kirgiz-kaysatskikh mogilakh (molakh) i drevnostyakh voobshche [On the Kirghiz-Kaisak graves (moles) and antiquities in general]. Sobraniye sochineniy v pyati tomakh. Alma-Ata: Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoy SSR, T. 3. P. 29-38. [in Russian].

Valikhanov Ch.Ch., 1964b. Neskol’ko marshrutov Potanina [Several routes of Potanin]. Sobraniye sochineniy v pyati tomakh. Alma-Ata: Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoy SSR, T. 3. 663 p. [in Russian].

Vilesov Ye.N., Naumenko A.A., Aubekerov B.Zh., 2009. Physical geography of Kazakhstan: textbook. Almaty: Kazak universitetí. 362 p. [in Russian].

Voyakin D.A., 2008. Poseleniye Aral-Asar i mavzoley Kerderi 2 [Aral-Asar settlement and Kerderi mausoleum 2]. Rol’ stepnykh gorodov v tsivilizatsii nomadov. Astana: Tipografiya Kompleks. P. 335-345. [in Russian].

Yeginbayuly Zh., 2001. Arkheologicheskiye issledovaniya kompleksa Zhoshy-khana [Archaeological research of the Zhoshy Khan complex]. Otan tarikhy. Otechestvennaya istoriya. 2. P. 98-106. [in Russian].

Yeleuov M., 2000. Srednevekovyye goroda, mesta obitaniya i karavannyye puti rayonov Saryarka, Shu, Talas, Keles [Medieval cities, habitats and caravan routes of the Saryarka, Shu, Talas, Keles regions]. Otchet o nauchno-issledovatel’skoy rabote. Astana. P. 1-8. [in Russian].

Zilivinskaya E.D., 2014. Architecture of the Golden Horde. Ch. 1. Kul’tovoye zodchestvo. Moscow-Kazan: Otechestvo. 228 p. [in Russian].

Margulan A.Kh., 1997. Drevniye karavannyye puti cherez pustynyu Betpak-Dala [Ancient caravan routes through the Betpak-Dala desert]. Mir kazakha. Institut razvitiya Kazakhstana, Mezhdunarodnyy fond imeni akademika Al’keya Margulana. Almaty: IDK-TIPO. P. 16–30. [in Russian].

Nazarov F.M., 1968. Notes on some peoples and lands of the middle part of Asia. Moscow: Science. 80. [in Russian].

Pugachenkova G.A., 1976. Architecture of Central Asia. XV century. Leading trends and features. Tashkent: Literature and Art Publishing House. 116 p. [in Russian].

Sakenov S.K., Burbayeva S.B., Bukesheva G.K., Kukushkin A.I., 2021. Novyye issledovaniya na gorodishche Bytygay [New research on the Bytygay site]. Arkheologiya Kazakhstana. Almaty. 4 (14). P. 134-147. [in Russian].

Sakenov S.K., Kukushkin A.I., Burbayeva S.B., Bukeneva G.K., Rakhmankulov Ye.Zh., 2021. Issledovaniye srednevekovogo proizvodstvennogo tsekha na gorodishche Bytygay [Study of a medieval production workshop at the Bytygay site]. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy. T. 33. Barnaul: Izdatel’stvo Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 4. P. 267-283. [in Russian].

Smailov Zh.E., 2015. Monuments of archeology of western Saryarka (Medieval settlements and settlements). Karaganda: Tengri ltd. 142 p. [in Russian].

Smagulov T.N., 2012. Kalbasun tower. Almaty: Hikari. 160 p. [in Russian].

Smagulov Ye.A., Yerzakovich L.B., 1996. Issledovaniye dzhuma mecheti epokhi Timura v Otrare [Study of the juma mosque of the Timur era in Otrar ]. Amir Timur vaduniyo tarikhidagi urni. Samarkand: SamDU. P. 97-98. [in Russian].

Sembi M.K., 2015. Mavzoley Botagay – pamyatnik srednevekovoy kazakhskoy arkhitektury (kratkaya istoriya issledovaniya) [Botagai mausoleum is a monument of medieval Kazakh architecture (a brief history of research)]. Bulantinskaya bitva: istoriya issledovaniy. Ulytau, Natsional’nyy istoriko-kul’turnyy i prirodnyy zapovednik-muzey «Ulytau». P. 150–153. [in Russian].

Tasmagambetov I., Samashev Z., 2001. Saraichik. Almaty: Berel. 320 p. [in Russian].

Shangin I.P., 1820. Izvlecheniye iz opisaniya ekspeditsii, byvshey v Kirgizskoy stepi v 1816 godu [Extract from the description of the expedition that was in the Kirghiz steppe in 1816]. Sibirskiy Vestnik, izdavayemyy Grigoriyem Spasskim. Saint-Petersburg: Tipografiya Departamenta narodnogo prosveshcheniya. 112 p. [in Russian].

Yarygin S.A., 2011. Issledovaniya mavzoleya XV veka na ozere Zhanibek-Shalkar [Research of the mausoleum of the XV century on the lake Zhanibek-Shalkar]. Margulanovskiye chteniya-2011. Astana: ENU im. L.N. Gumileva. P. 384-391. [in Russian].