The influence of the jadidic ideals of the Turkic intelligentsia on the Alash movement: historical-retrospective analysis

Abstract

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Alash movement, which united the political
forces of the Kazakh people, not only developed a program for modernizing the country, but also proposed
the idea of autonomy as a first step to future independence. Representatives of Alash teamed up with the
intelligentsia of the Turkic-Muslim peoples, established cooperation and supported the idea of Jadidism. In
the conditions of a revolutionary coup and civil war, the leaders of the Alash party politically, economically
and culturally supported the idea of autonomy in the Volga-Urals, the Caucasus and Turkestan and fought
against the colonial policies of tsarist Russia and Soviet power. The idea of S. Maksudi about «Turkism»
based on Islam, the demand of Zaki Validi Togan about the «loyalty of the federation», «Autonomy of
Turkestan» M. Chokai, the movement «Alash Orda» A. Bokeikhan had Jadid principles and were aimed
at national independence. Initially, the goal of jadidism was to reform the public education, but at the
beginning of the twentieth century, it is a political movement. In this article, on the basis of scientific
and methodological analysis and a comparative approach, the problem of the idea of Jadidism, which
influenced the struggle for independence of the Alash intelligentsia, is considered.